接下來繼續講之前沒提到的 copy()，我們依續之前的列表，來做觀察，看看使用 copy() 有什麼不一樣？

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

names = ["Rogers", "Stark", "Thor", "Loki", "Natasha", "Coulson"]

name2 = names.copy()
print(names)
print(name2)

---------------執行結果---------------

['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', 'Natasha', 'Coulson']

Process finished with exit code 0

看起來一樣，那接下來我們來修改一下，把 Thor 修改成中文 索爾 ，來觀察一下結果

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

names = ["Rogers", "Stark", "Thor", "Loki", "Natasha", "Coulson"]

name2 = names.copy()
print(names)
print(name2)

names[2] = "索爾"

print(names)
print(name2)

---------------執行結果---------------

['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', '索爾', 'Loki', 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', 'Natasha', 'Coulson']

Process finished with exit code 0

嗯，看起來 names 裡的 Thor 已被修改成中文 索爾，而 names2 裡的 Thor 則是不變，接下來我們在來做個小變化，在現有的列表中，在插入一個列表

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

names = ["Rogers", "Stark", "Thor", "Loki",["Jarvis", "Potts"], "Natasha", "Coulson"]

name2 = names.copy()
print(names)
print(name2)

names[2] = "索爾"

print(names)
print(name2)

---------------執行結果---------------

['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', '索爾', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']

Process finished with exit code 0

再來如果我想要把剛剛加進去的列表裡的 Jarvis 給變成大寫字母

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

names = ["Rogers", "Stark", "Thor", "Loki",["Jarvis", "Potts"], "Natasha", "Coulson"]

name2 = names.copy()
print(names)
print(name2)

names[2] = "索爾"
names[4][0] = "JARVIS"

print(names)
print(name2)

---------------執行結果---------------

['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', '索爾', 'Loki', ['JARVIS', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['JARVIS', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']

Process finished with exit code 0

咦，有發現一個很神奇的問題嗎？為什麼 names裡的JARVIS 跟 names2的JARVIS 是一樣都是大寫的？但為什麼之前的 names裡的索爾 跟 names2裡的Thor 並沒有被複製過來，這個叫做 淺copy()，所謂的 淺copy() 就是只複製記憶體裡位置第一層的列表，這原理就有點像是我們之前在一開始所提到的變量，不清楚的可以回頭看一下，或是看下圖我的理解

那如果想要真正全部的複製下來的話，這次我們引入一個 import copy 這個模塊來做完全複製

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import copy

names = ["Rogers", "Stark", "Thor", "Loki",["Jarvis", "Potts"], "Natasha", "Coulson"]

name2 = copy.copy(names)
print(names)
print(name2)

names[2] = "索爾"
names[4][0] = "JARVIS"

print(names)
print(name2)

---------------執行結果---------------

['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', '索爾', 'Loki', ['JARVIS', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['JARVIS', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']

Process finished with exit code 0

吚~結果居然跟上次淺copy()使用的一樣，其實是不一樣的，這個是完全複製下來了，只是我們要改成 深copy()，修改一下，再觀察一下

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import copy

names = ["Rogers", "Stark", "Thor", "Loki",["Jarvis", "Potts"], "Natasha", "Coulson"]

name2 = copy.deepcopy(names)
print(names)
print(name2)

names[2] = "索爾"
names[4][0] = "JARVIS"

print(names)
print(name2)

---------------執行結果---------------

['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', '索爾', 'Loki', ['JARVIS', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']

Process finished with exit code 0

嗯，看起來已經完全獨立複製一份了，但大多數情況下，不需要獨立在複製一份，這個如果當列表夠大時，做了deepcoy()會很占記憶體空間的，要小心使用。接下來要在試一下把列表做 for循環

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import copy

names = ["Rogers", "Stark", "Thor", "Loki",["Jarvis", "Potts"], "Natasha", "Coulson"]

for i in names:
    print(i)

---------------執行結果---------------

Rogers
Stark
Thor
Loki
['Jarvis', 'Potts']
Natasha
Coulson

嗯！很簡單，全部都有打印出來了，那如果想跳著打印列表的話，又該怎麼做？

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import copy

names = ["Rogers", "Stark", "Thor", "Loki",["Jarvis", "Potts"], "Natasha", "Coulson"]

print(names)
print(names[0:-1:2])

---------------執行結果---------------

['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Thor', ['Jarvis', 'Potts']]

Process finished with exit code 0

還記得之前有提到過，在列表裡，0 跟 -1 可以省略，那上面的代碼可不可以在優化一下

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import copy

names = ["Rogers", "Stark", "Thor", "Loki",["Jarvis", "Potts"], "Natasha", "Coulson"]

print(names)
print(names[::2])

---------------執行結果---------------

['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Thor', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Coulson']

Process finished with exit code 0

如果不跳著打印的話，也可以寫成

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import copy

names = ["Rogers", "Stark", "Thor", "Loki",["Jarvis", "Potts"], "Natasha", "Coulson"]

print(names)
print(names[:])   # 這個也可以 print(names[::])

---------------執行結果---------------

['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']
['Rogers', 'Stark', 'Thor', 'Loki', ['Jarvis', 'Potts'], 'Natasha', 'Coulson']

Process finished with exit code 0

這個就較不常使用，看起來比較不直覺。

要hold不住了…